目前,主要类型的永磁体包括钕铁硼(NdFeB)、钐钴(SmCo)、铝镍钴(AlNiCo)和铁氧体。每种永磁体都有其独特的性能特点。为防止其在使用过程中性能下降,必须仔细考虑以下几个常见的预防措施和影响因素:
影响永磁体性能的主要因素
| 不。 | 影响因素 | 描述 |
| ① | 温度(高或低) | 每种类型或等级的永磁体都有其自身的耐温范围。众所周知,当温度超过一定阈值时,磁体内部的磁畴会变得无序,导致磁性能下降,这通常被称为高温退磁。尤其需要注意的是,永磁体在相对较低的温度下也可能发生部分退磁。对于涉及极端温度的应用,必须仔细考虑这一因素。 |
| ② | 湿度 | 湿度对永磁体有直接影响。例如,稀土磁体在潮湿环境下容易发生氧化和腐蚀,导致其化学结构发生不可逆的损伤,磁性能下降。虽然保护涂层被广泛用于降低此类风险,但它们并不能完全消除湿度对磁体长期稳定性的影响。由于不同磁体对湿度的敏感性不同,因此应根据应用需求采取适当的保护措施。 |
| ③ | 化学物质(强酸或强碱) | 在含有强酸或强碱的环境中,永磁体的化学结构可能会被破坏,导致其性能不可避免地下降。 |
| ④ | 剧烈振动或机械冲击 | 持续振动或强烈的机械冲击会导致磁体内部微观结构损伤,从而降低其稳定性和磁强度。尽管永磁体通常很坚固耐用,但反复的振动或冲击最终会导致不可逆的性能损失。 |
| ⑤ | 强外部磁场或反向磁场 | 永磁体的磁化通常是通过施加强磁场实现的。如果永磁体暴露于另一个强磁场(尤其是反向磁场)中,其内部磁畴结构可能会受到扰动。当磁场强度超过某个临界值时,这种扰动会导致部分或完全退磁,从而永久性地改变其磁性。 |
The factors listed above illustrate some of the key influences on the performance of permanent magnets during use. To address these issues, certain proper protection and storage measures for permanent magnets can also be applied:
Protective Measures and Storage Guidelines for Permanent Magnets
| No. | Protective / Storage Measure | Description |
| ① | Avoid Exposure to High Temperature and Direct Sunlight | Permanent magnets should be kept away from heat sources and direct sunlight. This helps ensure they remain within their temperature tolerance range and prevents demagnetization. |
| ② | Moisture and Corrosion Protection | The storage environment for permanent magnets should be kept dry. Desiccants or vacuum-sealed packaging may be used to prevent corrosion-related demagnetization caused by high humidity. |
| ③ | Shock-Resistant Packaging | Individual magnets or multiple magnets should be packed with protective materials such as foam, wooden separators, or other effective shock-absorbing methods. This minimizes the risk of vibration or impact damage during transportation and storage. |